pessimism in elias abu-shabaka & hushang ebtehaj’s poetry (a comparative study)

pessimism, a phenomenon of deep effect over the contemporary poetry, both arabic and persian, usually enjoys a widespread usage in the periods of social, political and economic disorders which, in turn, affect the poets’ views and change their visions toward the real. elias abu-shabaka and hushang ebtehaj are the poets of a modern disorderly era and environment. they both display a deep pessimistic view in their poetry towards the society and human beings. this research aims at analysis and comparison of their dark viewpoints in various topics and situations , and tries to find the factors which led to this specific vision.